{"id":12661,"date":"2021-09-27T08:54:34","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T08:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/en\/technologies\/data-transmission\/"},"modified":"2022-03-25T13:59:09","modified_gmt":"2022-03-25T13:59:09","slug":"data-transmission","status":"publish","type":"technologies","link":"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/it\/technologies\/data-transmission\/","title":{"rendered":"Data transmission"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"bg-bggrey md:mt-0 pb-0 pt-0 pt-34 md:pt-36 lg:pt-0 parallax-image\" data-parallax-from=\"80%\" data-parallax-to=\"35%\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(219.98deg, rgba(0,0, 0, 0.05) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/data_transmission_technology.jpg) center center; color:white !important\">\n      <div class=\"container page-header-div\">\n      \n      <h1 class=\"h3 page-title-solutions\" >Data transmission<\/h1>\n      <p class=\"h5 lg:max-w-2xl page-subtitle-solutions lg:text-base\">Ensuring signal integrity for more data to transfer \u2013 fast and reliably<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"bg-bggrey\">\n  <section class=\"container container-section-maindescription grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-12 gap-6 \">\n    <div class=\"lg:col-start-1 lg:col-end-9 \">\n                                    <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block \">\n            <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block fade-in-top\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:0rem;\">\n                    <div style=\"padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;--border-grid-width:;--border-grid-color:#333333\">\n                                                                    <h4 class=\"font-semibold pb-4 mb-0  content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #333333\">With the rise of multi-source sensing, the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and new interconnected ecosystems, more and more data have to be transferred quickly, reliably and securely.<\/h4>\n                                                \n              <div class=\"\n                                          \">\n                                                                          <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap \">\n\n                                                                      <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                md:border-0                           lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full                        md:w-full                        lg:w-full                        self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                          \"\n                             style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                      <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                              \n                                                                  <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                                \n                                                          <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                                                                      <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                md:border-0                           lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full                        md:w-6\/12                        lg:w-6\/12                        self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                          \"\n                             style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                      <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                              \n                                                                  <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:3rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"  alt=\"signal_degradation_transmitter-1\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                                \n                                                          <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                                                                      <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                md:border-0                           lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full                        md:w-6\/12                        lg:w-6\/12                        self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                          \"\n                             style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                      <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                              \n                                                                  <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:3rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"  alt=\"signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                                \n                                                          <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                      \n                    <\/div>\n                                                                              <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap \">\n\n                                                                      <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                md:border-0                           lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full                        md:w-full                        lg:w-full                        self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                          \"\n                             style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                      <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                              \n                                                                  <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                                \n                                                          <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                      \n                    <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n  \n\n                        <div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden \">\n                        <div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden fade-in-top\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:0rem;\">\n                                <div style=\"padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;--border-grid-width:;--border-grid-color:#333333\">\n                                                                                      <h4 class=\" content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #333333\">With the rise of multi-source sensing, the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and new interconnected ecosystems, more and more data have to be transferred quickly, reliably and securely.<\/h4>\n                                                              \n                    <div class=\"\n                                                \">\n                                                                                                  <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap \">\n                                                                                        <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                      md:border-0                                 lg:border-0                               flex md:flex lg:flex\n                                w-full md:w-full lg:w-full\n                              self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                                \"\n                                   style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                                  <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                                    \n                                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                                      \n                                                                      <\/div>\n                                                              <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                      md:border-0                                 lg:border-0                               flex md:flex lg:flex\n                                w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                              self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                                \"\n                                   style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                                  <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                                    \n                                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:3rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"  alt=\"signal_degradation_transmitter-1\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                                      \n                                                                      <\/div>\n                                                              <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                      md:border-0                                 lg:border-0                               flex md:flex lg:flex\n                                w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                              self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                                \"\n                                   style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                                  <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                                    \n                                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:3rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"  alt=\"signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                                      \n                                                                      <\/div>\n                                                              <\/div>\n                                                      <\/div>\n                                                                                                      <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap \">\n                                                                                        <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                      md:border-0                                 lg:border-0                               flex md:flex lg:flex\n                                w-full md:w-full lg:w-full\n                              self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                                \"\n                                   style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                                  <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                                    \n                                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                                      \n                                                                      <\/div>\n                                                              <\/div>\n                                                      <\/div>\n                                                                      <\/div>\n                                      <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n  \n                                          <div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden \">\n                                    <div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden fade-in-top\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:0rem;\">\n                                            <div style=\"padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;--border-grid-width:;--border-grid-color:#333333\">\n                                                                                                              <h4 class=\" content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #333333\">With the rise of multi-source sensing, the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and new interconnected ecosystems, more and more data have to be transferred quickly, reliably and securely.<\/h4>\n                                                                                \n                          <div class=\"\n                                                      \">\n                                                                                                                          <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap \">\n                                                                                                          <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                            md:border-0                                       lg:border-0                                     flex md:flex lg:flex\n                                      w-full md:w-full lg:w-full\n                                    self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                                      \"\n                                         style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                                          \n                                                                                          <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Ensuring signal integrity by meeting data reliability and data speed requirements is critical for engineers designing and interconnecting data-heavy applications relying on constant streams of accurate data. Above all, at high bit rates and over long distances, effects such as noise, distortion, insertion\/return losses and crosstalks may degrade electrical signals to the point where errors occur and a device or system fails.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For connectivity to avoid such risks, the connector performance is only one part of the equation. The quality and performance of the cable itself, the interface between the connector cabling and connected devices, and the quality of the transmitter and receiver are other key factors determining data transmission success.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balanced cabling performance is defined by a set of multiples parameters. The most relevant are insertion loss, return loss (reflection), near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and far-end crosstalk (FEXT).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                                            \n                                                                                  <\/div>\n                                                                          <\/div>\n                                                                                                          <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                            md:border-0                                       lg:border-0                                     flex md:flex lg:flex\n                                      w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                                    self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                                      \"\n                                         style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                                          \n                                                                                          <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:3rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"  alt=\"signal_degradation_transmitter-1\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_transmitter-1.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                                            \n                                                                                  <\/div>\n                                                                          <\/div>\n                                                                                                          <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                            md:border-0                                       lg:border-0                                     flex md:flex lg:flex\n                                      w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                                    self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                                      \"\n                                         style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                                          \n                                                                                          <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:3rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"  alt=\"signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/signal_degradation_cable_receiver-1.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                                            \n                                                                                  <\/div>\n                                                                          <\/div>\n                                                                  <\/div>\n                                                                                                                              <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap \">\n                                                                                                          <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                                            md:border-0                                       lg:border-0                                     flex md:flex lg:flex\n                                      w-full md:w-full lg:w-full\n                                    self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                                      \"\n                                         style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full\">\n                                          \n                                                                                          <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p>Also called attenuation, <strong>insertion loss<\/strong> is the amount of energy that a signal loses when travelling along a cable link. This attenuation is mainly due to dielectric and ohmic losses. The insertion loss of a cable evidently depends on the length of cable \u2013 the longer the cable, the higher the insertion loss. Insertion loss is also caused by any connection points along a cable link (i.e., within connectors and splices).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Like insertion loss, <strong>return loss<\/strong> is another important parameter in both copper and fiber systems. Rather than measuring the amount of loss over a link, return loss measures the amount of power injected from the source compared to the amount reflected back towards the source. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber optic link or a transmission line impedance mismatch. This impedance mismatch can occur with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reflection loss is the most important mechanism of signal loss in the connector, while attenuation (insertion loss) is the main mechanism of loss in the cable itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the best performance of a link, both the return loss and the insertion loss must be optimized and included in the link budget calculations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                                            \n                                                                                  <\/div>\n                                                                          <\/div>\n                                                                  <\/div>\n                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                                              <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hidden lg:block lg:col-start-10 lg:col-end-13 lg:-mb-52 relative\">\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:transform lg:-translate-y-40  lg:mb-12 lg:mb-0 sticky top-60\">\n      <div class=\"shadow-base rounded-card pt-4 pl-4 pr-4 pb-2 lg:pt-6 lg:pl-6 lg:pr-6 lg:pb-4 bg-red-500\">\n      <p class=\"h5 mb-4 lg:mb-8 font-semibold text-white\">You have very specific requirements?<\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"mb-2\">\n              <a  href=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/en\/solutions\/tailored\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"cta__arrow--fullred-no-arrow \"><span class=\"font-semibold\" >Tailored solutions<\/span><\/a>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shadow-base rounded-card pt-4 pl-4 pr-4 pb-2 lg:pt-6 lg:pl-6 lg:pr-6 lg:pb-4 bg-white border\">\n      <p class=\"h5 mb-4 lg:mb-8 font-semibold \">Looking for a rugged connectivity solution?<\/p>\n                                                  <a style=\"hyphens: auto\" href=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/en\/solutions\/connectors\/\"  class=\"flex justify-between sub-menu-border-top  border-collapse py-2 px-4 hover:text-red-500 hover:border-red-500 break-words\">\n                <span>Connectors<\/span>\n                <span class=\"arrow-icon_arrow_right_black text-svgArrows flex items-center\"><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n                          <a style=\"hyphens: auto\" href=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/en\/solutions\/cable-assembly\/\"  class=\"flex justify-between sub-menu-border-top  border-collapse py-2 px-4 hover:text-red-500 hover:border-red-500 break-words\">\n                <span>Cable assembly<\/span>\n                <span class=\"arrow-icon_arrow_right_black text-svgArrows flex items-center\"><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n                          <a style=\"hyphens: auto\" href=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/en\/solutions\/electronics\/\"  class=\"flex justify-between sub-menu-border-top sub-menu-border-bottom  border-collapse py-2 px-4 hover:text-red-500 hover:border-red-500 break-words\">\n                <span>Electronics<\/span>\n                <span class=\"arrow-icon_arrow_right_black text-svgArrows flex items-center\"><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n                                        <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shadow-base rounded-card pt-4 pl-4 pr-4 pb-2 lg:pt-6 lg:pl-6 lg:pr-6 lg:pb-4 bg-white border\">\n      <p class=\"h5 mb-4 lg:mb-8 font-semibold \">White paper<\/p>\n                                                  <a style=\"hyphens: auto\" href=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fischer_Connectors_White_Paper_Signal_Integrity_for_High-Speed_Data_Transmission.pdf\" target=_blank class=\"flex justify-between sub-menu-border-top sub-menu-border-bottom  border-collapse py-2 px-4 hover:text-red-500 hover:border-red-500 break-words\">\n                <span>Signal Integrity for High-Speed Data Transmission<\/span>\n                <span class=\"arrow-icon_arrow_right_black text-svgArrows flex items-center\"><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n                                        <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"container hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top: 6rem; padding-bottom: 0rem\">\n  <div style=\"padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;\">\n                  <h3 class=\"font-normal pb-8 mb-0 content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #da291c\">What we mean when we talk about &#8216;ensuring signal integrity&#8217;<\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 xl:grid-cols-4 gap-4 md:gap-10\">\n                      <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vna_eye_diagram.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">High-speed data transmission and signal integrity<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-high-speed-data-transmission-and-signal-integrity\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/copper_fiberoptic.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Transmission media<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-transmission-media\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/data_protocols.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Data protocols<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-data-protocols\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cable_shielding.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Data security<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-data-security\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"container hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top: 6rem; padding-bottom: 0rem\">\n  <div style=\"padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;\">\n                  <h3 class=\"font-normal pb-8 mb-0 content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #da291c\">What we mean when we talk about &#8216;ensuring signal integrity&#8217;<\/h3>\n                    <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 xl:grid-cols-4 gap-4 md:gap-10\">\n                  <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vna_eye_diagram.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">High-speed data transmission and signal integrity<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-high-speed-data-transmission-and-signal-integrity\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/copper_fiberoptic.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Transmission media<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-transmission-media\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/data_protocols.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Data protocols<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-data-protocols\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cable_shielding.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Data security<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-data-security\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"container block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top: 2rem; padding-bottom: 0rem\">\n  <div style=\"padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;\">\n                  <h3 class=\"font-normal pb-8 mb-0 content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #da291c\">What we mean when we talk about &#8216;ensuring signal integrity&#8217;<\/h3>\n                    <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 xl:grid-cols-4 gap-4 md:gap-10\">\n                  <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vna_eye_diagram.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">High-speed data transmission and signal integrity<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-high-speed-data-transmission-and-signal-integrity\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/copper_fiberoptic.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Transmission media<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-transmission-media\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/data_protocols.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Data protocols<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-data-protocols\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"card-soluce relative overflow-hidden flex flex-col justify-end w-full h-auto p-4 rounded-card pt-32 md:pt-40 md:p-8 relative\">\n  <div class=\"background-image absolute top-0 left-0 -z-1 w-full h-full\" style=\"--image-url: url(https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cable_shielding.jpg)\"><\/div>\n  <div>\n    <h3 class=\"h5 text-white m-0 font-semibold\">Data security<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n      <a href=\"#data-transmission-data-security\" class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full\"><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n\nstring(0) &#8220;&#8221;\nNULL\nNULL\nstring(1) &#8220;0&#8221;\n              <div class=\" lg:block bg-white\">\n            <div class=\"content-grid-padding-y container lg:block fade-in-top\" style=\"--padding-top-desktop:10rem;--padding-bottom-desktop:8rem;--padding-top-tablet:10rem;--padding-bottom-tablet:8rem;--padding-top-mobile:10rem;--padding-bottom-mobile:8rem\">\n            <div id=\"data-transmission-high-speed-data-transmission-and-signal-integrity\" class=\"content-grid-padding-x \" style=\"--padding-left-desktop:0rem;--padding-right-desktop:0rem;--padding-left-tablet:0rem;--padding-right-tablet:0rem;--padding-left-mobile:0rem;--padding-right-mobile:0rem;--border-grid-width:1;--border-grid-color:#333333\">\n                                                                    <h4 class=\"font-semibold pb-4 mb-0 content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #333333\">High-speed data transmission and signal integrity<\/h4>\n                                                \n              <div class=\"\n                                          \">\n                                                                    <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap bg-white\">\n\n                                                            <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                            md:border-0                       lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                      self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                        \"\n                      style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\">\n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Interconnect designs aimed at providing high-speed data transmission must ensure signal integrity in suppressing external radiated electromagnetic and radio frequency interferences (EMI\/RFI).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To guarantee the successful transmission of data from a device\u2019s transmitter to its receiver with high speed, connectors and cables must be <strong>cross-optimized. <\/strong>The main <strong>influential parameters<\/strong> to consider are: connector design, cable length, cable performance (loss), and the controlled and repeatable cable assembly and potting processes above 1 Gbit\/s.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Interconnect designs aimed at providing high-speed data transmission must ensure signal integrity in suppressing external radiated electromagnetic and radio frequency interferences (EMI\/RFI).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To guarantee the successful transmission of data from a device\u2019s transmitter to its receiver with high speed, connectors and cables must be <strong>cross-optimized. <\/strong>The main <strong>influential parameters<\/strong> to consider are: connector design, cable length, cable performance (loss), and the controlled and repeatable cable assembly and potting processes above 1 Gbit\/s.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Interconnect designs aimed at providing high-speed data transmission must ensure signal integrity in suppressing external radiated electromagnetic and radio frequency interferences (EMI\/RFI).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To guarantee the successful transmission of data from a device\u2019s transmitter to its receiver with high speed, connectors and cables must be <strong>cross-optimized. <\/strong>The main <strong>influential parameters<\/strong> to consider are: connector design, cable length, cable performance (loss), and the controlled and repeatable cable assembly and potting processes above 1 Gbit\/s.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] \" style=\"padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/minimax_signal_name.jpg\"  alt=\"minimax_signal_name\"\/>\n            \n      \n              <figcaption class=\"text-baseResponsive mt-2\">La s\u00e9rie Fischer MiniMax\u2122 \u00e0 9\u00a0contacts est un exemple de connecteur sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7u pour r\u00e9aliser un transfert de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 haute vitesse \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;un seul protocole (USB 3.2).<\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/minimax_signal_name.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/minimax_signal_name.jpg\"\/>\n                  <figcaption class=\"text-xs mt-2\">La s\u00e9rie Fischer MiniMax\u2122 \u00e0 9\u00a0contacts est un exemple de connecteur sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7u pour r\u00e9aliser un transfert de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 haute vitesse \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;un seul protocole (USB 3.2).<\/figcaption>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/minimax_signal_name.jpg\"\/>\n                          <figcaption class=\"text-xs mt-2\">La s\u00e9rie Fischer MiniMax\u2122 \u00e0 9\u00a0contacts est un exemple de connecteur sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7u pour r\u00e9aliser un transfert de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 haute vitesse \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;un seul protocole (USB 3.2).<\/figcaption>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In their designing and characterization process, engineers thus look after, among others, the following decisive parameters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Impedance matching<\/strong> (ratio of V\/I or E\/H): like the concept of resistance at low frequency, the concept of impedance at high frequency can be seen as the ratio of electric field to the magnetic field for a transverse electro-magnetic (TEM) wave. For a communication link, the impedance of the source, the cable-connector and the receiver must be as close as possible to ensure no loss of signal due to reflection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In their designing and characterization process, engineers thus look after, among others, the following decisive parameters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Impedance matching<\/strong> (ratio of V\/I or E\/H): like the concept of resistance at low frequency, the concept of impedance at high frequency can be seen as the ratio of electric field to the magnetic field for a transverse electro-magnetic (TEM) wave. For a communication link, the impedance of the source, the cable-connector and the receiver must be as close as possible to ensure no loss of signal due to reflection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In their designing and characterization process, engineers thus look after, among others, the following decisive parameters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Impedance matching<\/strong> (ratio of V\/I or E\/H): like the concept of resistance at low frequency, the concept of impedance at high frequency can be seen as the ratio of electric field to the magnetic field for a transverse electro-magnetic (TEM) wave. For a communication link, the impedance of the source, the cable-connector and the receiver must be as close as possible to ensure no loss of signal due to reflection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] \" style=\"padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/connector_optimizing_impedance.jpg\"  alt=\"connector_optimizing_impedance\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/connector_optimizing_impedance.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/connector_optimizing_impedance.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/connector_optimizing_impedance.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                              \n                                                  <\/div>\n                                          <\/div>\n                                                          <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                            md:border-0                       lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                      self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                        \"\n                      style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\">\n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Line delay<\/strong>: the latency of signal propagation<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Insertion loss<\/strong>: the loss of signal due to dielectric or ohmic loss<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Return loss<\/strong>: the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber-optic link or a transmission line<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Crosstalk<\/strong>: in some communication links, there are some parallel links that must work simultaneously. The problem arises where the electromagnetic field from one link couples to another field and causes interference. Two well-known parameters in this respect are near-end crosstalk (NEXT) and far-end crosstalk (FEXT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Line delay<\/strong>: the latency of signal propagation<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Insertion loss<\/strong>: the loss of signal due to dielectric or ohmic loss<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Return loss<\/strong>: the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber-optic link or a transmission line<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Crosstalk<\/strong>: in some communication links, there are some parallel links that must work simultaneously. The problem arises where the electromagnetic field from one link couples to another field and causes interference. Two well-known parameters in this respect are near-end crosstalk (NEXT) and far-end crosstalk (FEXT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Line delay<\/strong>: the latency of signal propagation<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Insertion loss<\/strong>: the loss of signal due to dielectric or ohmic loss<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Return loss<\/strong>: the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber-optic link or a transmission line<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Crosstalk<\/strong>: in some communication links, there are some parallel links that must work simultaneously. The problem arises where the electromagnetic field from one link couples to another field and causes interference. Two well-known parameters in this respect are near-end crosstalk (NEXT) and far-end crosstalk (FEXT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/preventing_crosstalk.jpg\"  alt=\"preventing_crosstalk\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/preventing_crosstalk.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/preventing_crosstalk.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/preventing_crosstalk.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>EMC shielding<\/strong>: electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) shielding is a way of protecting a sensitive signal from external electromagnetic signals, preventing electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI) from impacting sensitive electronics and vice versa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To guarantee the performance of a communication, all the components of a link including electronics and cable-connectors must comply with the relevant standards, and a component-level compliance procedure is here highly recommended.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Note that in lots of scenarios, the application deviates from the setup of a standard. In those cases, you need to study the <strong>full physical layer of a link as a whole<\/strong> \u2013 what we call <strong>system-level testing<\/strong>. This includes performing SerDes simulations (serializer\/deserializer) and drawing eye-diagrams and BER timing curves (bit error rate) to analyze the jitter budget.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>EMC shielding<\/strong>: electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) shielding is a way of protecting a sensitive signal from external electromagnetic signals, preventing electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI) from impacting sensitive electronics and vice versa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To guarantee the performance of a communication, all the components of a link including electronics and cable-connectors must comply with the relevant standards, and a component-level compliance procedure is here highly recommended.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Note that in lots of scenarios, the application deviates from the setup of a standard. In those cases, you need to study the <strong>full physical layer of a link as a whole<\/strong> \u2013 what we call <strong>system-level testing<\/strong>. This includes performing SerDes simulations (serializer\/deserializer) and drawing eye-diagrams and BER timing curves (bit error rate) to analyze the jitter budget.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>EMC shielding<\/strong>: electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) shielding is a way of protecting a sensitive signal from external electromagnetic signals, preventing electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI) from impacting sensitive electronics and vice versa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To guarantee the performance of a communication, all the components of a link including electronics and cable-connectors must comply with the relevant standards, and a component-level compliance procedure is here highly recommended.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Note that in lots of scenarios, the application deviates from the setup of a standard. In those cases, you need to study the <strong>full physical layer of a link as a whole<\/strong> \u2013 what we call <strong>system-level testing<\/strong>. This includes performing SerDes simulations (serializer\/deserializer) and drawing eye-diagrams and BER timing curves (bit error rate) to analyze the jitter budget.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                                                  <\/div>\n                                          <\/div>\n                  \n                  <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n\nstring(0) &#8220;&#8221;\nNULL\nNULL\nstring(1) &#8220;0&#8221;\n              <div class=\" lg:block bg-white\">\n            <div class=\"content-grid-padding-y container lg:block fade-in-top\" style=\"--padding-top-desktop:2rem;--padding-bottom-desktop:8rem;--padding-top-tablet:2rem;--padding-bottom-tablet:8rem;--padding-top-mobile:2rem;--padding-bottom-mobile:8rem\">\n            <div id=\"data-transmission-transmission-media\" class=\"content-grid-padding-x \" style=\"--padding-left-desktop:0rem;--padding-right-desktop:0rem;--padding-left-tablet:0rem;--padding-right-tablet:0rem;--padding-left-mobile:0rem;--padding-right-mobile:0rem;--border-grid-width:1;--border-grid-color:#333333\">\n                                                                    <h4 class=\"font-semibold pb-4 mb-0 content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #333333\">Transmission media<\/h4>\n                                                \n              <div class=\"\n                                          \">\n                                                                    <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap bg-white\">\n\n                                                            <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                            md:border-0                       lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                      self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                        \"\n                      style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\">\n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The physical media through which data streams are transmitted include copper wires (the most common of which are twisted pairs and coaxial cables) and optical fibers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Copper<\/strong> is a widely-used medium permitting transmission of power and data in the same cable, and is rather suitable for short-distance runs. Our copper-wire product portfolio uses a versatile variety of low-voltage, high-voltage, coax, triax and hybrid contact types.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Optical fibers<\/strong> permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than electrical cables. Signals travel along fibers with less attenuation than along metal wires. Furthermore, fibers are <strong>immune to electromagnetic interference<\/strong> \u2013 compared to copper transmission, this is a solid advantage for EMI-sensitive applications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An important challenge for transmissions over optical fibers pertains to the connection between two fibers. Several solutions exist, among which:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>butt-joint<\/strong> connection available in our fiber optic products: butt-joint connectors provide high optical performances as they have the ability to bring specially prepared ends of two fibers into very close physical contact<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Expanded beam <\/strong>products, which use a lens in front of the fiber to collimate the light coming out of the fiber, tolerating dust, debris and other contaminates on the fiber end face; however, this solution results in lower optical performances than the butt-joint solution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The physical media through which data streams are transmitted include copper wires (the most common of which are twisted pairs and coaxial cables) and optical fibers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Copper<\/strong> is a widely-used medium permitting transmission of power and data in the same cable, and is rather suitable for short-distance runs. Our copper-wire product portfolio uses a versatile variety of low-voltage, high-voltage, coax, triax and hybrid contact types.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Optical fibers<\/strong> permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than electrical cables. Signals travel along fibers with less attenuation than along metal wires. Furthermore, fibers are <strong>immune to electromagnetic interference<\/strong> \u2013 compared to copper transmission, this is a solid advantage for EMI-sensitive applications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An important challenge for transmissions over optical fibers pertains to the connection between two fibers. Several solutions exist, among which:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>butt-joint<\/strong> connection available in our fiber optic products: butt-joint connectors provide high optical performances as they have the ability to bring specially prepared ends of two fibers into very close physical contact<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Expanded beam <\/strong>products, which use a lens in front of the fiber to collimate the light coming out of the fiber, tolerating dust, debris and other contaminates on the fiber end face; however, this solution results in lower optical performances than the butt-joint solution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The physical media through which data streams are transmitted include copper wires (the most common of which are twisted pairs and coaxial cables) and optical fibers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Copper<\/strong> is a widely-used medium permitting transmission of power and data in the same cable, and is rather suitable for short-distance runs. Our copper-wire product portfolio uses a versatile variety of low-voltage, high-voltage, coax, triax and hybrid contact types.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Optical fibers<\/strong> permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than electrical cables. Signals travel along fibers with less attenuation than along metal wires. Furthermore, fibers are <strong>immune to electromagnetic interference<\/strong> \u2013 compared to copper transmission, this is a solid advantage for EMI-sensitive applications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An important challenge for transmissions over optical fibers pertains to the connection between two fibers. Several solutions exist, among which:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>butt-joint<\/strong> connection available in our fiber optic products: butt-joint connectors provide high optical performances as they have the ability to bring specially prepared ends of two fibers into very close physical contact<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Expanded beam <\/strong>products, which use a lens in front of the fiber to collimate the light coming out of the fiber, tolerating dust, debris and other contaminates on the fiber end face; however, this solution results in lower optical performances than the butt-joint solution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] \" style=\"padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:0rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ButtJoint.jpg\"  alt=\"ButtJoint\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ButtJoint.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ButtJoint.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ButtJoint.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:0rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Insertion and return losses can be further reduced through two extended methods of polishing the ferrules inside fiber optic butt-joint connectors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>UPC (ultra physical contact) <\/strong>polishing with a finer fiber surface finish is ideal for reducing insertion loss, and can contribute to reducing back reflection (return loss) down to -50 dB or more<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>APC (angled physical contact)<\/strong> polishing performed at an 8-degree angle is especially suited for high-precision applications that are very sensitive to return loss, as it enables the reflected light to leak out in the cladding, thus minimizing back reflection down to -60 dB or more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:0rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Insertion and return losses can be further reduced through two extended methods of polishing the ferrules inside fiber optic butt-joint connectors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>UPC (ultra physical contact) <\/strong>polishing with a finer fiber surface finish is ideal for reducing insertion loss, and can contribute to reducing back reflection (return loss) down to -50 dB or more<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>APC (angled physical contact)<\/strong> polishing performed at an 8-degree angle is especially suited for high-precision applications that are very sensitive to return loss, as it enables the reflected light to leak out in the cladding, thus minimizing back reflection down to -60 dB or more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:0rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Insertion and return losses can be further reduced through two extended methods of polishing the ferrules inside fiber optic butt-joint connectors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>UPC (ultra physical contact) <\/strong>polishing with a finer fiber surface finish is ideal for reducing insertion loss, and can contribute to reducing back reflection (return loss) down to -50 dB or more<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>APC (angled physical contact)<\/strong> polishing performed at an 8-degree angle is especially suited for high-precision applications that are very sensitive to return loss, as it enables the reflected light to leak out in the cladding, thus minimizing back reflection down to -60 dB or more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"block content-grid-padding-x content-grid-padding-y\" style=\"--padding-top-desktop:0rem;--padding-bottom-desktop: 1rem;--padding-right-desktop: 4rem;--padding-left-desktop: 0rem;--padding-top-tablet: 0rem;--padding-bottom-tablet: 2rem;--padding-left-tablet: 0rem;--padding-right-tablet: 2rem;--padding-top-mobile: 0rem;--padding-bottom-mobile: 0rem;--padding-left-mobile: 0rem;--padding-right-mobile: 0rem\">\n  <div>\n          <div class=\"mt-6\">\n                  <div class=\"section-faq-questions-space bg-white  relative\">\n            <button href=\"#\" class=\"flex justify-between section-faq-link w-full section-faq-link-event-trigger\">\n                              <h5 class=\"mb-0\">Polishing methods<\/h5>\n                            <span class=\"text-right plus-svg flex items-center absolute\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <div class=\"hidden section-faq-question-answer-space\">\n                                                                    <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polishing.jpg\"  alt=\"Polishing\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:50rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polishing.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polishing.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polishing.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:50rem\">\n  <div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                              \n                                                  <\/div>\n                                          <\/div>\n                                                          <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                            md:border-0                       lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                      self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                        \"\n                      style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\">\n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Optical fibers are available in <strong>multimode<\/strong> or <strong>single mode<\/strong>. The former is proven to be more suitable to long-distance applications, the latter to short-distance runs. In terms of global costs, the advantage goes to the multimode technology, because it requires less expensive emitters and transceivers.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Optical fibers are available in <strong>multimode<\/strong> or <strong>single mode<\/strong>. The former is proven to be more suitable to long-distance applications, the latter to short-distance runs. In terms of global costs, the advantage goes to the multimode technology, because it requires less expensive emitters and transceivers.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Optical fibers are available in <strong>multimode<\/strong> or <strong>single mode<\/strong>. The former is proven to be more suitable to long-distance applications, the latter to short-distance runs. In terms of global costs, the advantage goes to the multimode technology, because it requires less expensive emitters and transceivers.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/multimode-4.jpg\"  alt=\"multimode-4\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/multimode-4.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/multimode-4.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/multimode-4.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/singlemode-4.jpg\"  alt=\"singlemode-4\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/singlemode-4.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/singlemode-4.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/singlemode-4.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition to their capacity of transmitting massive amounts of data over long distances, fiber optics are also ideal for use in <strong>sensing<\/strong> applications. As physical properties of light into the fiber can be affected by strain, temperature, or sound, fiber optic sensors gather all sorts of critical information about operational environments, such as the oil and gas industry. The technologies used in fiber optic sensing enable either local measurement points or distributed measurements all along the fiber.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition to their capacity of transmitting massive amounts of data over long distances, fiber optics are also ideal for use in <strong>sensing<\/strong> applications. As physical properties of light into the fiber can be affected by strain, temperature, or sound, fiber optic sensors gather all sorts of critical information about operational environments, such as the oil and gas industry. The technologies used in fiber optic sensing enable either local measurement points or distributed measurements all along the fiber.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition to their capacity of transmitting massive amounts of data over long distances, fiber optics are also ideal for use in <strong>sensing<\/strong> applications. As physical properties of light into the fiber can be affected by strain, temperature, or sound, fiber optic sensors gather all sorts of critical information about operational environments, such as the oil and gas industry. The technologies used in fiber optic sensing enable either local measurement points or distributed measurements all along the fiber.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                                                  <\/div>\n                                          <\/div>\n                  \n                  <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n\nstring(0) &#8220;&#8221;\nNULL\nNULL\nstring(1) &#8220;0&#8221;\n              <div class=\" lg:block bg-white\">\n            <div class=\"content-grid-padding-y container lg:block fade-in-top\" style=\"--padding-top-desktop:2rem;--padding-bottom-desktop:8rem;--padding-top-tablet:2rem;--padding-bottom-tablet:8rem;--padding-top-mobile:2rem;--padding-bottom-mobile:8rem\">\n            <div id=\"data-transmission-data-protocols\" class=\"content-grid-padding-x \" style=\"--padding-left-desktop:0rem;--padding-right-desktop:0rem;--padding-left-tablet:0rem;--padding-right-tablet:0rem;--padding-left-mobile:0rem;--padding-right-mobile:0rem;--border-grid-width:1;--border-grid-color:#333333\">\n                                                                    <h4 class=\"font-semibold pb-4 mb-0 content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #333333\">Data protocols<\/h4>\n                                                \n              <div class=\"\n                                          \">\n                                                                    <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap bg-white\">\n\n                                                            <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                            md:border-0                       lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                      self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                        \"\n                      style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\">\n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Data protocols provide the normative values of data transmission parameters (insertion loss, return loss, crosstalk, noise) to ensure the compatibility of the various components of a system \u2013 transmitter, receiver, cable, connector \u2013 so that they can function together appropriately.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Typical protocols include Ethernet, USB, SDI, DP and the standard protocol for the simultaneous transmission of audio and video. The protocol determines the <strong>number of contacts<\/strong> for each connector, e.g., 4 contacts for USB 2.0., 9 for USB 3.0, 8 for Ethernet Cat 5e (1 Gbit\/s), and 19 for the standard audio\/video protocol. Specific <strong>design rules<\/strong> for the connector\u2019s pin configuration and special <strong>materials<\/strong> are required for both the connector and cable to help reduce interference.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Data protocols provide the normative values of data transmission parameters (insertion loss, return loss, crosstalk, noise) to ensure the compatibility of the various components of a system \u2013 transmitter, receiver, cable, connector \u2013 so that they can function together appropriately.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Typical protocols include Ethernet, USB, SDI, DP and the standard protocol for the simultaneous transmission of audio and video. The protocol determines the <strong>number of contacts<\/strong> for each connector, e.g., 4 contacts for USB 2.0., 9 for USB 3.0, 8 for Ethernet Cat 5e (1 Gbit\/s), and 19 for the standard audio\/video protocol. Specific <strong>design rules<\/strong> for the connector\u2019s pin configuration and special <strong>materials<\/strong> are required for both the connector and cable to help reduce interference.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Data protocols provide the normative values of data transmission parameters (insertion loss, return loss, crosstalk, noise) to ensure the compatibility of the various components of a system \u2013 transmitter, receiver, cable, connector \u2013 so that they can function together appropriately.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Typical protocols include Ethernet, USB, SDI, DP and the standard protocol for the simultaneous transmission of audio and video. The protocol determines the <strong>number of contacts<\/strong> for each connector, e.g., 4 contacts for USB 2.0., 9 for USB 3.0, 8 for Ethernet Cat 5e (1 Gbit\/s), and 19 for the standard audio\/video protocol. Specific <strong>design rules<\/strong> for the connector\u2019s pin configuration and special <strong>materials<\/strong> are required for both the connector and cable to help reduce interference.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"block content-grid-padding-x content-grid-padding-y\" style=\"--padding-top-desktop:0rem;--padding-bottom-desktop: 1rem;--padding-right-desktop: 4rem;--padding-left-desktop: 0rem;--padding-top-tablet: 0rem;--padding-bottom-tablet: 1rem;--padding-left-tablet: 0rem;--padding-right-tablet: 2rem;--padding-top-mobile: 0rem;--padding-bottom-mobile: 0rem;--padding-left-mobile: 0rem;--padding-right-mobile: 0rem\">\n  <div>\n          <div class=\"mt-6\">\n                  <div class=\"section-faq-questions-space bg-white  relative\">\n            <button href=\"#\" class=\"flex justify-between section-faq-link w-full section-faq-link-event-trigger\">\n                              <h5 class=\"mb-0\">Main data protocols <\/h5>\n                            <span class=\"text-right plus-svg flex items-center absolute\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <div class=\"hidden section-faq-question-answer-space\">\n                                                                    <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/data_protocols_table.jpg\"  alt=\"data_protocols_table\"\/>\n            \n      \n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/data_protocols_table.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/data_protocols_table.jpg\"\/>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/data_protocols_table.jpg\"\/>\n                      <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Our high-performance connectivity solutions are compatible with most popular data protocols: USB 2.0, USB 3.2 Gen 1 and Gen 2 up to 10 Gbit\/s, Ethernet up to 10 Gbit\/s, and the standard audio\/video protocol. We also provide Single Pair Ethernet solutions that can transmit data at speeds of up to 1 Gbit\/s with or without Power over Data Line (PoDL), e.g., for rugged industrial applications and defense &amp; security unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The design of both the connector and the cable is <strong>optimized<\/strong> according to each data protocol used \u2013 or to a combination of protocols when your device needs high-speed multi-protocol data transmission.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Our high-performance connectivity solutions are compatible with most popular data protocols: USB 2.0, USB 3.2 Gen 1 and Gen 2 up to 10 Gbit\/s, Ethernet up to 10 Gbit\/s, and the standard audio\/video protocol. We also provide Single Pair Ethernet solutions that can transmit data at speeds of up to 1 Gbit\/s with or without Power over Data Line (PoDL), e.g., for rugged industrial applications and defense &amp; security unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The design of both the connector and the cable is <strong>optimized<\/strong> according to each data protocol used \u2013 or to a combination of protocols when your device needs high-speed multi-protocol data transmission.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Our high-performance connectivity solutions are compatible with most popular data protocols: USB 2.0, USB 3.2 Gen 1 and Gen 2 up to 10 Gbit\/s, Ethernet up to 10 Gbit\/s, and the standard audio\/video protocol. We also provide Single Pair Ethernet solutions that can transmit data at speeds of up to 1 Gbit\/s with or without Power over Data Line (PoDL), e.g., for rugged industrial applications and defense &amp; security unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The design of both the connector and the cable is <strong>optimized<\/strong> according to each data protocol used \u2013 or to a combination of protocols when your device needs high-speed multi-protocol data transmission.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                                                  <\/div>\n                                          <\/div>\n                                                          <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                            md:border-0                       lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                      self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                        \"\n                      style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\">\n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Once the design has been optimized for a defined protocol, a physical connector-cable assembly prototype needs to be <strong>tested<\/strong> to validate the full characterization using a <strong>Vector Network Analyzer<\/strong>. The S-parameters of the cable assembly are measured and compared with the target values defined in the protocol specification. If one of the parameters fails, an iteration loop will be made on the design until the cable assembly fulfills all the protocol requirements \u2013 at that time, the product can be declared &#8216;protocol compatible&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It might be impossible to set up a complex system using one single protocol. In that case, the solution is to use a protocol adapter or transceiver which can turn a defined protocol into another one without degrading the signal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Once the design has been optimized for a defined protocol, a physical connector-cable assembly prototype needs to be <strong>tested<\/strong> to validate the full characterization using a <strong>Vector Network Analyzer<\/strong>. The S-parameters of the cable assembly are measured and compared with the target values defined in the protocol specification. If one of the parameters fails, an iteration loop will be made on the design until the cable assembly fulfills all the protocol requirements \u2013 at that time, the product can be declared &#8216;protocol compatible&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It might be impossible to set up a complex system using one single protocol. In that case, the solution is to use a protocol adapter or transceiver which can turn a defined protocol into another one without degrading the signal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Once the design has been optimized for a defined protocol, a physical connector-cable assembly prototype needs to be <strong>tested<\/strong> to validate the full characterization using a <strong>Vector Network Analyzer<\/strong>. The S-parameters of the cable assembly are measured and compared with the target values defined in the protocol specification. If one of the parameters fails, an iteration loop will be made on the design until the cable assembly fulfills all the protocol requirements \u2013 at that time, the product can be declared &#8216;protocol compatible&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It might be impossible to set up a complex system using one single protocol. In that case, the solution is to use a protocol adapter or transceiver which can turn a defined protocol into another one without degrading the signal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <div>\n          <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-1 gap-1dot4\">\n                  <div class=\"p-4 lg:p-8 shadow-base rounded-card bg-white text-base\" style=\"border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220);\">\n                        <p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Single Pair Ethernet<\/strong> (SPE) describes the transmission of Ethernet over only one pair of twisted copper wires. In addition to data transmission via Ethernet, SPE also enables a simultaneous power supply of terminal devices via Power over Data Line (PoDL). Without the SPE technology, two pairs for Fast Ethernet (100 MB) and four pairs for Gigabit Ethernet are required to reach this result. In addition to space and weight savings with less wire, SPE transmits 1 GBit\/s only up to a distance of 40 meters. When combined with miniaturized connectors, SPE is a network technology with revolutionary potential in the Internet of Things (IoT), the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 systems, enabling engineers to design high-density and high-speed interconnect solutions that are easy to integrate and install.<\/p>\n\n          <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <div>\n        <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-1 gap-1dot4\">\n\n                  <div class=\"p-4 lg:p-8 shadow-base rounded-card bg-white text-base\" style=\"border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220);\">\n                        <p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Single Pair Ethernet<\/strong> (SPE) describes the transmission of Ethernet over only one pair of twisted copper wires. In addition to data transmission via Ethernet, SPE also enables a simultaneous power supply of terminal devices via Power over Data Line (PoDL). Without the SPE technology, two pairs for Fast Ethernet (100 MB) and four pairs for Gigabit Ethernet are required to reach this result. In addition to space and weight savings with less wire, SPE transmits 1 GBit\/s only up to a distance of 40 meters. When combined with miniaturized connectors, SPE is a network technology with revolutionary potential in the Internet of Things (IoT), the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 systems, enabling engineers to design high-density and high-speed interconnect solutions that are easy to integrate and install.<\/p>\n\n          <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <div>\n          <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-1 gap-1dot4\">\n                  <div class=\"p-4 lg:p-8 shadow-base rounded-card bg-white text-base\" style=\"border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220);\">\n                        <p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Single Pair Ethernet<\/strong> (SPE) describes the transmission of Ethernet over only one pair of twisted copper wires. In addition to data transmission via Ethernet, SPE also enables a simultaneous power supply of terminal devices via Power over Data Line (PoDL). Without the SPE technology, two pairs for Fast Ethernet (100 MB) and four pairs for Gigabit Ethernet are required to reach this result. In addition to space and weight savings with less wire, SPE transmits 1 GBit\/s only up to a distance of 40 meters. When combined with miniaturized connectors, SPE is a network technology with revolutionary potential in the Internet of Things (IoT), the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 systems, enabling engineers to design high-density and high-speed interconnect solutions that are easy to integrate and install.<\/p>\n\n          <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                              \n                                                  <\/div>\n                                          <\/div>\n                  \n                  <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n\nstring(0) &#8220;&#8221;\nNULL\nNULL\nstring(1) &#8220;0&#8221;\n              <div class=\" lg:block bg-white\">\n            <div class=\"content-grid-padding-y container lg:block fade-in-top\" style=\"--padding-top-desktop:2rem;--padding-bottom-desktop:10rem;--padding-top-tablet:2rem;--padding-bottom-tablet:10rem;--padding-top-mobile:2rem;--padding-bottom-mobile:10rem\">\n            <div id=\"data-transmission-data-security\" class=\"content-grid-padding-x \" style=\"--padding-left-desktop:0rem;--padding-right-desktop:0rem;--padding-left-tablet:0rem;--padding-right-tablet:0rem;--padding-left-mobile:0rem;--padding-right-mobile:0rem;--border-grid-width:1;--border-grid-color:#333333\">\n                                                                    <h4 class=\"font-semibold pb-4 mb-0 content-title-color-var\" style=\"--color: #333333\">Data security<\/h4>\n                                                \n              <div class=\"\n                                          \">\n                                                                    <div class=\"flex flex-row flex-wrap bg-white\">\n\n                                                            <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                            md:border-0                       lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                      self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                        \"\n                      style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\">\n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:4rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Not all data reliability issues relate to the physical environment. The need to shield connectors and cables from environmental hazards also includes shielding them from <strong>electromagnetic interference (EMI)<\/strong> and radio frequency interference (RFI). These interferences can affect many sensitive electronics and cause a wide variety of issues \u2013 from a simple hiss on a communication line to the total disruption of a safety-critical signal. Shielding protects signals from being disrupted by external electromagnetic signals and prevents generated signals from interfering with surrounding components, wires, cables, and sensors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)<\/strong> means that a circuit has been designed with a shield that prevents such disruptions. EMC shielding refers to any method used to protect a sensitive signal from external electromagnetic signals, or to prevent a stronger signal from leaking out and interfering with surrounding electronics. This is achieved by using a metallic screen that absorbs the electromagnetic interference transmitted through the air like in a Faraday cage.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>360\u00b0 EMC-shielded<\/strong> connectors thus play a major role in <strong>ensuring signal integrity and secure, reliable and accurate data transmission<\/strong> in electronic devices, equipment and systems in industries such as medical, defense and aerospace electronics, mass transit systems, industrial test and measurement, and navigation and vehicular control systems.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Cable-shield options <\/strong>include three types: <strong>braid, serve\/spiral, and foil<\/strong>. The shield consists of a conductive barrier surrounding the insulated wires inside the cable. It aims to prevent the <strong>noise <\/strong>that is emitted from other nearby cables or electronics \u2013 and even the noise emitted from adjacent wires within a cable such as <strong>crosstalks <\/strong>\u2013 from disturbing or interrupting signals within the cable. It also averts EMI radiating out of the cable, thus preventing network cables from emitting detectible, discernable signals.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:2rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Not all data reliability issues relate to the physical environment. The need to shield connectors and cables from environmental hazards also includes shielding them from <strong>electromagnetic interference (EMI)<\/strong> and radio frequency interference (RFI). These interferences can affect many sensitive electronics and cause a wide variety of issues \u2013 from a simple hiss on a communication line to the total disruption of a safety-critical signal. Shielding protects signals from being disrupted by external electromagnetic signals and prevents generated signals from interfering with surrounding components, wires, cables, and sensors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)<\/strong> means that a circuit has been designed with a shield that prevents such disruptions. EMC shielding refers to any method used to protect a sensitive signal from external electromagnetic signals, or to prevent a stronger signal from leaking out and interfering with surrounding electronics. This is achieved by using a metallic screen that absorbs the electromagnetic interference transmitted through the air like in a Faraday cage.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>360\u00b0 EMC-shielded<\/strong> connectors thus play a major role in <strong>ensuring signal integrity and secure, reliable and accurate data transmission<\/strong> in electronic devices, equipment and systems in industries such as medical, defense and aerospace electronics, mass transit systems, industrial test and measurement, and navigation and vehicular control systems.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Cable-shield options <\/strong>include three types: <strong>braid, serve\/spiral, and foil<\/strong>. The shield consists of a conductive barrier surrounding the insulated wires inside the cable. It aims to prevent the <strong>noise <\/strong>that is emitted from other nearby cables or electronics \u2013 and even the noise emitted from adjacent wires within a cable such as <strong>crosstalks <\/strong>\u2013 from disturbing or interrupting signals within the cable. It also averts EMI radiating out of the cable, thus preventing network cables from emitting detectible, discernable signals.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Not all data reliability issues relate to the physical environment. The need to shield connectors and cables from environmental hazards also includes shielding them from <strong>electromagnetic interference (EMI)<\/strong> and radio frequency interference (RFI). These interferences can affect many sensitive electronics and cause a wide variety of issues \u2013 from a simple hiss on a communication line to the total disruption of a safety-critical signal. Shielding protects signals from being disrupted by external electromagnetic signals and prevents generated signals from interfering with surrounding components, wires, cables, and sensors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)<\/strong> means that a circuit has been designed with a shield that prevents such disruptions. EMC shielding refers to any method used to protect a sensitive signal from external electromagnetic signals, or to prevent a stronger signal from leaking out and interfering with surrounding electronics. This is achieved by using a metallic screen that absorbs the electromagnetic interference transmitted through the air like in a Faraday cage.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>360\u00b0 EMC-shielded<\/strong> connectors thus play a major role in <strong>ensuring signal integrity and secure, reliable and accurate data transmission<\/strong> in electronic devices, equipment and systems in industries such as medical, defense and aerospace electronics, mass transit systems, industrial test and measurement, and navigation and vehicular control systems.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Cable-shield options <\/strong>include three types: <strong>braid, serve\/spiral, and foil<\/strong>. The shield consists of a conductive barrier surrounding the insulated wires inside the cable. It aims to prevent the <strong>noise <\/strong>that is emitted from other nearby cables or electronics \u2013 and even the noise emitted from adjacent wires within a cable such as <strong>crosstalks <\/strong>\u2013 from disturbing or interrupting signals within the cable. It also averts EMI radiating out of the cable, thus preventing network cables from emitting detectible, discernable signals.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                                                  <\/div>\n                                          <\/div>\n                                                          <div class=\"content-grid-border-color\n                                            md:border-0                       lg:border-0                         flex md:flex lg:flex\n                        w-full md:w-6\/12 lg:w-6\/12\n                      self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\n                        \"\n                      style=\"--border-color: #333333;--border-color-tablet: #333333;--border-color-mobile: #333333;\">\n                                              <div class=\"flex flex-col w-full self-start justify-start md:self-start md:justify-start lg:self-start lg:justify-start\">\n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Data security also highly depends on <strong>encoding<\/strong> and <strong>data encryption<\/strong>. Data is encoded through the system by the signal emitter and must be \u2018understood\u2019 (or decoded) properly by the receiver in order for the data transmission to pass correctly. Data encryption ensures that the appropriate receivers are authorized to access the information.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Data security also highly depends on <strong>encoding<\/strong> and <strong>data encryption<\/strong>. Data is encoded through the system by the signal emitter and must be \u2018understood\u2019 (or decoded) properly by the receiver in order for the data transmission to pass correctly. Data encryption ensures that the appropriate receivers are authorized to access the information.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n  <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Data security also highly depends on <strong>encoding<\/strong> and <strong>data encryption<\/strong>. Data is encoded through the system by the signal emitter and must be \u2018understood\u2019 (or decoded) properly by the receiver in order for the data transmission to pass correctly. Data encryption ensures that the appropriate receivers are authorized to access the information.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n                              \n                          \n                                                              <div class=\"hidden md:hidden lg:block overflow-hidden w-full pt-[2rem] pt-[1rem]\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:4rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n\n      <figure class=\"w-full\">\n      \n              <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cern_emi_shielding.jpg\"  alt=\"cern_emi_shielding\"\/>\n            \n      \n              <figcaption class=\"text-baseResponsive mt-2\">The CERN uses the 360\u00b0 EMI-shielded Fischer Core Series Brass for essential connectivity needs in measurement tools, vacuum pumps and chambers for monitoring and safety devices.<\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hidden md:block lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cern_emi_shielding.jpg\"\/>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cern_emi_shielding.jpg\"\/>\n                  <figcaption class=\"text-xs mt-2\">The CERN uses the 360\u00b0 EMI-shielded Fischer Core Series Brass for essential connectivity needs in measurement tools, vacuum pumps and chambers for monitoring and safety devices.<\/figcaption>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block md:hidden lg:hidden overflow-hidden w-full\" style=\"padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem\">\n            <figure class=\"w-full\">\n        \n                  <img loading=\"lazy\"src=\"https:\/\/fischer.e-novision.ch\/app\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cern_emi_shielding.jpg\"\/>\n                          <figcaption class=\"text-xs mt-2\">The CERN uses the 360\u00b0 EMI-shielded Fischer Core Series Brass for essential connectivity needs in measurement tools, vacuum pumps and chambers for monitoring and safety devices.<\/figcaption>\n              <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n                              \n                                                  <\/div>\n                                          <\/div>\n                  \n                  <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"articles bg-bggrey\">\n  <div class=\"container overflow-hidden\">\n          <div class=\"mb-8 lg:mb-0 lg:flex lg:justify-between lg:items-center lg:mb-12\">\n        <h2 class=\"text-red-500 lg:mb-0\">Related case studies, news &amp; blog<\/h2>\n   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